ABSTRACT
Introduction: The frequency of surgical procedures has increased steadily in recent decades, including the myocardial revascularization. Objectives: To demonstrate the importance of physiotherapy in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery in relation to the reduction of hospital stay, changes in lung volumes and respiratory muscle strength. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with patients undergoing myocardial revascularization, the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)/Botucatu - SP. We evaluated 70 patients of both genders, aged between 40 and 75 years, subdivided into two groups: group I - 35 patients of both genders, who received a written protocol guidance, breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training in the preoperative period and group II - 35 patients of both genders, who received only orientation of the ward on the day of surgery. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNESP / Botucatu - SP. Results: Maximal inspiratory pressure in third postoperative day and fifth postoperative day and significant difference between groups, being better for the intervention group. Expiratory pressure was significant in fifth postoperative day in the intervention group compared to controls. The difference of length of hospital stay in the postoperative was found between the groups with shorter hospital stay in the group receiving preoperative therapy. Conclusion: Physical therapy plays an important role in the preoperative period, so that individuals in the intervention group more readily restored the parameters evaluated before surgery, in addition, there was a decrease in the time of the postoperative hospital stay. Thus, it is thought the cost-effectiveness of a program of preoperative physiotherapy. .
Introdução: Procedimentos cirúrgicos aumentaram progressivamente nas últimas décadas, inclusive a revascularização do miocárdio(RM). Objetivos: Demonstrar a importância da fisioterapia no préoperatório de cirurgia cardíaca, em relação à redução do tempo de internação hospitalar, alteração de volumes pulmonares e força muscular respiratória. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo clínico prospectivo, com pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual PaulistaUNESP / Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliados 70 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária entre 40 a 75 anos, randomizados por meio programa computadorizado em dois grupos: Grupo I - 35 pacientes de ambos os sexos, que receberam um protocolo de orientação por escrito, exercícios respiratórios e treinamento muscular respiratório no pré-operatório e Grupo II - 35 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, que receberam apenas orientação de rotina da enfermaria no dia da cirurgia. Trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual PaulistaUNESP / Botucatu - SP. Resultados: A avaliação das pressões inspiratórias máximas evidenciou aumento significativo no terceiro dia pós-operatório e quinto dia pós-operatório para o grupo de intervenção e análise das pressões expiratórias máximas apresentou valores significativos apenas no quinto dia pós-operatório para o grupo intervenção em relação ao grupo controle, observando-se ainda que o grupo submetido ao protocolo de tratamento fisioterapêutico pré-operatório apresentou menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Conclusão: A fisioterapia ...
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Breathing Exercises/methods , Length of Stay , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Muscle Strength , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Myocardial Revascularization/rehabilitation , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Respiratory Rate/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tidal Volume/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The effects of acute continuous positive airway pressure therapy on left ventricular diastolic function and functional capacity in patients with compensated systolic heart failure remain unclear. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 43 patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction <0.50 who were in functional classes I-III according to the New York Heart Association criteria. Twenty-three patients were assigned to continuous positive airway pressure therapy (10 cmH2O), while 20 patients received placebo with null pressure for 30 minutes. All patients underwent a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Doppler echocardiography before and immediately after intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01088854. RESULTS: The groups had similar clinical and echocardiographic baseline variables. Variation in the diastolic function index (e′) after intervention was associated with differences in the distance walked in both groups. However, in the continuous positive airway pressure group, this difference was greater (continuous positive airway pressure group: Δ6MWT = 9.44+16.05×Δe′, p = 0.002; sham group: Δ6MWT = 7.49+5.38×Δe′; p = 0.015). There was a statistically significant interaction between e′ index variation and continuous positive airway pressure for the improvement of functional capacity (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous positive airway pressure does not acurately change the echocardiographic indexes of left ventricle systolic or diastolic function in patients with compensated systolic heart failure. However, 30-minute continuous positive airway pressure therapy appears to have an effect on left ventricular diastolic function by increasing functional capacity. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Diastole/physiology , Heart Failure, Systolic/therapy , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Double-Blind Method , Exercise Test , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Heart Failure, Systolic/physiopathology , Heart Failure, Systolic , Prospective StudiesSubject(s)
Echocardiography/methods , Aging/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Myocardium/pathology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos agudos de CPAP na função diastólica ventricular esquerda e tolerância ao exercício em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca compensada (IC). Métodos: Série de casos (onze pacientes), classe funcional II/III (NYHA). Foram realizados o Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), antes e após CPAP (30 minutos; 10 cm H2O), e o ecocardiograma antes e no final do período de CPAP. Os resultados foram comparados pelos testes t pareado ou Wilcoxon, p<0.05. Resultados: CPAP diminuiu a fadiga pré-TC6 (p=0,016) e a dispnéia pós-TC6 (p=0,012). Houve redução do tempo de desaceleração da onda E(p=0,006). Conclusão: CPAP melhora a tolerância aos esforços físicos, em pacientes com IC, provavelmente devido ao efeito na função diastólica ventricular esquerda.